{"id":15513,"date":"2013-09-28T05:34:34","date_gmt":"2013-09-28T05:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=15513"},"modified":"2013-09-28T05:34:34","modified_gmt":"2013-09-28T05:34:34","slug":"george-anca-dumitru-draghicescu-si-ruth-benedict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2013\/09\/28\/george-anca-dumitru-draghicescu-si-ruth-benedict\/","title":{"rendered":"George ANCA: Dumitru Draghicescu \u0219i Ruth Benedict"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Dumitru Draghicescu<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Fiind invitat, ca v\u00e2lcean, s\u0103 iau parte la un simpozion dedicat lui Dumitru Dr\u0103ghicescu (1875 – 1945), \u00eentru respectul c\u0103ruia \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219isem, deseori, cultul lui Virgil Constantinescu-Galiceni, mi-a venit \u00een minte o alt\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mplare, ba dou\u0103, legate de Ruth Benedict (1887 – 1948). Petrec\u00e2nd mai mult timp \u00een biblioteca universit\u0103\u021bii din Honolulu, am dat peste cartea ei despre rom\u00e2ni, Romanian Culture and Behavior<\/em>, Colorado State University, 1972, am citit-o, vorba aia, thrilled. Mai t\u00e2rziu, sau, poate, \u00eenainte, la un congres de antropologie din Tokyo, am stat la mas\u0103 cu dou\u0103 foste studente ale lui Margaret Mead \u0219i am vorbit, toat\u0103 seara (eram la banchetul de \u00eenchidere, \u00eentr-un palat, la marginea capitalei japoneze) despre Benedict-Mead, cu destule sub\u00een\u021belesuri. La recep\u021bia de deschidere, Chie Nakane, celebr\u0103 pentru a sa Societatea vertical\u0103<\/em>, \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nise \u0219i ea, pl\u00e2ng\u00e2ndu-mi-se (!) c\u0103 Japonia n-ar fi recunoscut\u0103 \u00een lume. Am citat public, din Ruth Benedict, c\u00e2nd am inaugurat, cu ambasadorul Taubman, un American Corner \u00een casa din Bucure\u0219ti a lui Istrate Micescu, fost coleg al lui Dr\u0103ghicescu, la Paris.<\/p>\n

Mi-am luat seama, trec\u00e2nd la gravitatea \u201eeternit\u0103\u021bii\u201d lui Dr\u0103ghicescu, propus\u0103 de organizatori, \u0219i u\u0219urin\u021ba (rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, ar zice Mircea Vulc\u0103nescu) a al\u0103tur\u0103rii celor dou\u0103 nume. Am mai citit \u0219i din unul \u0219i din altul, g\u0103sindu-mi pentru prima oar\u0103 \u00een via\u021b\u0103 tensiunea arterial\u0103 m\u0103rit\u0103 (m\u0103 apropii de v\u00e2rsta arunc\u0103rii de pe Fuji a doctorandului lui Durkheim – autorul c\u0103r\u021bii Le suicide<\/em>, 1897, \u00eencep\u00e2ndu-\u0219i prefa\u021ba cu \u201eDepuis quelque temps, la sociologie est \u00e0 la mode\u201d).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n
Ruth Benedict<\/em><\/div>\n
\n<\/div>\n

\n

Dou\u0103 personaje tragice? Am\u00e2ndou\u0103, nepermi\u021b\u00e2ndu-\u0219i a nu avea o carier\u0103, au l\u0103sat impresia de mister, dac\u0103 nu de profetism, \u00een pronun\u021b\u0103ri perene. Au scris studii \u00een timp de r\u0103zboi. Ruth, f\u0103cut\u0103 profesor plin cu dou\u0103 luni \u00eenainte de moartea necunoscut\u0103, a intrat \u00een National Women’s Hall of Fame<\/span><\/a><\/span> (posthumous) 8-Oct-2005, iar Dumitru, \u00een uitare (p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd?) Parc\u0103 autori ai c\u00e2te unei singure c\u0103r\u021bi Din psihologia poporului rom\u00e2n <\/em>(1907) \u2013 <\/em>Dr\u0103ghicescu, Paterns of Culture <\/em>(1934) \u2013 Benedict. Se pot inventa coresponden\u021be \u0219i \u00eentre celelalte titluri.<\/p>\n

Sunt faimoase, cu prisosin\u021b\u0103, c\u0103r\u021bile semnate de Ruth Benedict:<\/p>\n

Patterns of Culture<\/em> (1934, anthropology)
\nZuni Mythology <\/em>(1935, anthropology)
\nRace: Science and Politics <\/em>(1940, anthropology)
\nThe Chrysanthemum and the Sword <\/em>(1946, anthropology)<\/p>\n

C\u0103r\u021bile publicate de Dumitru Dr\u0103ghicescu \u00ee\u0219i a\u0219teapt\u0103, aparent, \u00eenc\u0103 dreapta apreciere:<\/p>\n

Le Probl\u00e8me du d\u00e9terminisme social. D\u00e9terminisme biologique et d\u00e9terminisme social<\/em>, Editions de la \u2033Grande France\u2033, Paris, 1903;<\/p>\n

Du R\u00f4le de l’individu dans le d\u00e9terminisme social<\/em>. Th\u00e8se prsentee a la Faculte des lettres de Paris, F.-R. de Rudeval, Paris, 1904;<\/p>\n

Raporturile dintre drept \u015fi sociologie<\/em>, Tipografia Gutenberg, Bucure\u015fti, 1904;<\/p>\n

Le Probl\u00e8me de la conscience. Etude psycho-sociologique<\/em>, Editions Felix Alcan, Paris, 1907;<\/p>\n

Din psihologia poporului rom\u00e2n<\/em>, Libr\u0103ria Leon Alcalay, Bucure\u015fti, 1907; Reedit\u0103ri: Editura Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 1996, 2003; Historia, Bucure\u015fti, 2006;<\/p>\n

L\u2019Id\u00e9al cr\u00e9ateur. Essai psycho-sociologique sur l’\u00e9volution sociale<\/em>, Editions Felix Alcan, Paris, 1914; Traducere: Idealul creator. Eseu psiho-sociologic asupra evolu\u0163iei sociale<\/em>, trad. Virgiliu Constantinescu Galiceni, Editura Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 2006;<\/p>\n

Le renouveau religieux et la guerre mondiale<\/em>, Les Imprimeries \u201eL’Independance\u201d, Bucure\u015fti, 1916;<\/p>\n

La Bessarabie et le droit des peuples, esquisse historique, g\u00e9ographique, ethnographique et statistique<\/em>, Editions Felix Alcan, Paris, 1918;<\/p>\n

Les Probl\u00e8mes nationaux de l’Autriche-Hongrie. Les Roumains (Transylvanie, Bucovine, Banat)<\/em>, Editions Bossard, Paris, 1918;<\/p>\n

La Transylvanie: esquisse historique, g\u00e9ographique, ethnographique et statistique<\/em>, Editions Felix Alcan, Paris, 1918; Reeditare: Editura Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 1997;<\/p>\n

Partide politice \u015fi clase sociale<\/em>, Bucure\u015fti, 1922;<\/p>\n

La R\u00e9alit\u00e9 de l’esprit. Essais de sociologie subjective<\/em>, Librairie Felix Alcan, Paris, 1928; Traducere: Realitatea spiritului: eseuri de sociologie subiectiv\u0103<\/em>, trad. Luiza Dasc\u0103lu, Editor Mihai Dasc\u0103l, Bucure\u015fti, 2003;<\/p>\n

La nouvelle Cit\u00e9 de Dieu<\/em>, Marcelle Lesage, Paris, 1929;<\/p>\n

V\u00e9rit\u00e9 et R\u00e9v\u00e9lation<\/em>, 2 vol., Librairie Felix Alcan, Paris, 1934;<\/p>\n

America y la Liga de las Naciones<\/em>, Botas, Mexico, 1937;<\/p>\n

Marea Unire a rom\u00e2nilor cu rom\u00e2nii: 1918. Banatul \u015fi Transilvania; Bucovina \u015fi Basarabia<\/em>, Editura Albatros, Bucure\u015fti, 2001.<\/p>\n

\n

Detractorii lui Dr\u0103ghicescu ar putea spune c\u0103 acesta a diagnosticat etnopsihologia poporului rom\u00e2n anume pentru viitoarea misiune (anti)rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 a lui Ruth Benedict: nep\u0103sarea \u0219i fatalismul – ipohondrie sufleteasc\u0103 – anxietate \u2013 psihologie dedublat\u0103 \u2013 conduit\u0103 retractil\u0103 \u2013 retragere \u00een sine \u2013 rezisten\u021b\u0103 defensiv\u0103 \u2013 resemnare mut\u0103 \u2013 paralizia civic\u0103 \u2013 neprevedere \u2013 lips\u0103 de propor\u021bie, de unitate, de ordine \u2013 pornirea de a ascunde, de a min\u021bi, de a fi ne\u00eencrez\u0103tor \u2013 viclenia, dib\u0103cia, \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciunea \u2013 geografie mi\u0219c\u0103toare \u2013 absoluta lips\u0103 de continuitate \u2013 n\u0103luca norocului \u2013 pecetea neispr\u0103vitului – <\/span><\/a>\u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103tor este \u00eens\u0103 num\u0103rul s\u0103rb\u0103torilor supersti\u021bioase \u2013 lipsa noastr\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 istoric\u0103 \u2013 lovi\u021bi puternic \u0219i mereu \u00eenvin\u0219i \u2013 lipsa de personalitate etnic\u0103 – via\u021ba noastr\u0103 istoric\u0103 fu astfel un \u0219ir de schimb\u0103ri la fa\u021b\u0103 \u2013 ob\u00e2r\u0219ie foarte eterogen\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t abia SUA se mai poate compara cu noi etc., etc, etc. <\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Nuan\u021barea, p\u00e2n\u0103 la r\u0103sturnarea ieremiadei \u00eensu\u0219irilor rele, scap\u0103, de obicei, poate venind prea t\u00e2rziu, utopic?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDac\u0103 slavii, bulgarii, ungurii, turcii, t\u0103tarii, grecii, ru\u0219ii, francezii, germanii st\u0103p\u00e2nir\u0103, r\u00e2nd pe r\u00e2nd, \u021b\u0103rile rom\u00e2ne, pentru a altera, sl\u0103bi \u0219i s\u0103r\u0103ci elementele voin\u021bei noastre, to\u021bi ace\u0219tia \u00eembog\u0103\u021bir\u0103 mintalitatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNeegalitatea \u0219i incoeren\u021ba inteligen\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti decurg de la prea mare bog\u0103\u021bie a materialurilor noastre suflete\u0219ti cari se c\u0103znesc s\u0103 se a\u0219eze, s\u0103 se stratifice, s\u0103 se cristalizeze.\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cen locul convulsiunilor noastre din trecut, cari la fiecare pas zguduiau \u0219i stricau \u00eentregul rost al societ\u0103\u021bii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, avem azi, o dat\u0103 cu neat\u00e2rnarea, \u00eencepututul unei epoci de statornicie, de continuitate, de unitate de dezvoltare.\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSub raportul inteligen\u0163ii, rom\u00e2nii au fost d\u0103rui\u0163i de creatorul lor, Istoria, cu o sum\u0103 de bune \u00eensu\u015firi luminoase, drept recompens\u0103 pentru lipsurile \u015fi umbrele ce a a\u015fternut pe suprafa\u0163a caracterului nostru. De unde vine inferioritatea caracterului rom\u00e2nilor, de acolo vine superioritatea inteligen\u0163ei lor\u201d.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, Dumitru Dr\u0103ghicescu, s-a reg\u0103sit cu Elena V\u0103c\u0103rescu \u0219i Emanuelle Martonne \u00een Biroul rom\u00e2nesc de pres\u0103 de la Paris. A contribuit la lucr\u0103rile Comitetului Na\u021bional al Rom\u00e2nilor din Transilvania \u0219i Bucovina, devenit apoi Comitetul Na\u021bional al Unit\u0103\u021bii Rom\u00e2ne. A militat pentru organizarea Congresul Na\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bilor din Austro-Ungaria, desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een aprilie 1918 la Roma.. A publicat c\u0103r\u021bi \u00eentru idealul na\u021bional rom\u00e2nesc, pentru recunoa\u0219terea sacrificiilor Rom\u00e2niei \u00een r\u0103zboiul cu Puterile Centrale, pentru recunoa\u0219terea interna\u021bional\u0103 a Unirii, pentru uzul \u0219i auzul m\u0103rimilor europene, care-l formaser\u0103.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Scriind despre rom\u00e2ni, Ruth Benedict este \u00een ton cu Psihologia <\/em>lui Dr\u0103ghicescu, inclusiv juvenilitatea, mai ales c\u0103 documentarea ei se oprise, din eroare, la \u00eenceputul secolului al 20-lea (acesta fiind \u0219i unul din motivele pentru care Margaret Mead, legatara sa, a restrictat publicarea textului, edi\u021bia din 1972 fiind adresat\u0103 exclusiv studen\u021bilor profesorului editor, Robert J. Theodoratus). S-au ad\u0103ugat informa\u021biile primite de la 25 de rom\u00e2ni americani, spune Mead, printre care \u0219i evrei rom\u00e2ni, de unde, probabil, eticheta de cel mai antisemit popor, preluat\u0103 \u0219i de Hanna Arendt sau Elie Viesel.<\/p>\n

De n-ar fi o carte ca \u0219i pierdut\u0103, lumea \u00eentreag\u0103 s-ar apropia, prin empatia pentru du\u0219man a cercet\u0103toarei, de identitatea istoric\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103 a rom\u00e2nilor, crearea imaginii de sine, proverbe caracterizante, dezvoltarea personal\u0103, oportunismul \u0219i agresivitatea, \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea cu orice pre\u021b, credin\u021be populare \u00een exces, \u00eendeplinirea obliga\u021biilor familiale, s\u0103rutarea m\u00e2inii superiorului, umili \u0219i supu\u0219i, mii de p\u0103s\u0103ri f\u0103cute s\u0103 c\u00e2nte la nun\u021bi \u0219i \u00eenmorm\u00e2nt\u0103ri (p\u0103s\u0103rele mii?), m\u00e2ndria \u2013 valoare na\u021bional\u0103, b\u0103taia \u2013 preludiu sexual, iredentism politic, idealul de via\u021b\u0103 rom\u00e2nesc este hedonismul… Tag-uri pe internet:<\/p>\n

Anthropology<\/span><\/a>baby<\/span><\/a>baksheesh<\/span><\/a>Banat<\/span><\/a>beating<\/span><\/a>beautiful<\/span><\/a>Bessarabia<\/span><\/a>Bibesco<\/span><\/a>birth<\/span><\/a>boyers<\/span><\/a>boys<\/span><\/a>bride<\/span><\/a>Bucharest<\/span><\/a>Bukovina<\/span><\/a>Carol<\/span><\/a>Carpathian<\/span><\/a>century<\/span><\/a>child<\/span><\/a>claca<\/span><\/a>Codreanu<\/span><\/a>cross-brothers<\/span><\/a>Culture and Behavior<\/span><\/a>dance<\/span><\/a>dead<\/span><\/a>death<\/span><\/a>dowry<\/span><\/a>Easter<\/span><\/a>Europe<\/span><\/a>European<\/span><\/a>evil eye<\/span><\/a>expropriation<\/span><\/a>fast<\/span><\/a>father<\/span><\/a>feast<\/span><\/a>feeling<\/span><\/a>fighting<\/span><\/a>flowers<\/span><\/a>gendarmerie<\/span><\/a>girls<\/span><\/a>give<\/span><\/a>give-aways<\/span><\/a><\/span>Greater<\/span> Rumania<\/span><\/a>groom’s<\/span><\/a>Gusti<\/span><\/a>Gypsies<\/span><\/a>haiduk<\/span><\/a>Hungary<\/span><\/a>husband<\/span><\/a>informants<\/span><\/a>Iron Guard<\/span><\/a>irredentism<\/span><\/a>keep<\/span><\/a>King<\/span><\/a>kiss the hands<\/span><\/a>labor<\/span><\/a>land<\/span><\/a>live<\/span><\/a>luck<\/span><\/a>maize<\/span><\/a>Margaret Mead<\/span><\/a>marriage<\/span><\/a>married<\/span><\/a>Mircea the Old<\/span><\/a>Moldavia<\/span><\/a>mother<\/span><\/a>mountains<\/span><\/a>never<\/span><\/a>Old Kingdom<\/span><\/a>parents<\/span><\/a>party<\/span><\/a>peasantry<\/span><\/a>person<\/span><\/a>Phanariot<\/span><\/a>pleasure<\/span><\/a>popular<\/span><\/a>population<\/span><\/a>Prahova Valley<\/span><\/a>priest<\/span><\/a>proverb<\/span><\/a>regard<\/span><\/a>rich<\/span><\/a>Rumanian attitude<\/span><\/a>Rumanian Culture<\/span><\/a>Rumanian history<\/span><\/a>Rumanian peasant<\/span><\/a>Rumanian village<\/span><\/a>rural<\/span><\/a>Russia<\/span><\/a>Ruth Benedict<\/span><\/a>sheep<\/span><\/a>teacher<\/span><\/a>things<\/span><\/a>towns and cities<\/span><\/a>Transylvania<\/span><\/a>Treaty of Trianon<\/span><\/a>Turks<\/span><\/a>upper class<\/span><\/a>urban<\/span><\/a>violence<\/span><\/a>Wallachia<\/span><\/a>wedding<\/span><\/a>Western<\/span><\/a>wife<\/span><\/a>woman<\/span><\/a>women<\/span><\/a>young.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Guvernul american voia studii asupra caracterului na\u021bional \u0219i cultural al Japoniei, Germaniei, Rom\u00e2niei, care s\u0103 permit\u0103 personalului s\u0103u diplomatic \u0219i militar s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u00e2t mai bine cum s\u0103 interac\u021bioneze cu membrii acestor societ\u0103\u021bi pentru a atinge scopurile Statelor Unite. Mare parte din materialul cu care a lucrat Benedict a fost clasificat \u0219i nu poate fi f\u0103cut public. Totu\u0219i, minus ceea ce era clasificat, fructele muncii ei au ap\u0103rut \u00een Crizantema \u0219i sabia<\/em>, carte devenit\u0103 clasic\u0103.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Virginia Heyer Young vede studiile lui Benedict despre Thailanda, Rom\u00e2nia, Olanda \u0219i Japonia ca pe un tot (Ruth Benedict: Beyond Relativity, Beyond Pattern<\/em>, 2005, University of Nebraska). Acestea, prezent\u00e2nd indivizii \u00een cadrul culturilor lor, \u0219i nu ca fiind modela\u021bi de cultur\u0103, au circulat \u00een edi\u021bii \u0219apirografiate preg\u0103tite pentru sponsorul lor, the Office of War Information, \u0219i nu au fost considerate ca reprezent\u00e2nd conceptele sale.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca multe altele, proverbul \u201eCapul plecat de sabie nu este t\u0103iat\u201d este comentat (func\u021bional?) \u0219i de Benedict \u0219i de Dr\u0103ghicescu, la acesta din urm\u0103, cu adaosul lui Bolintineanu, \u201eCapul ce se pleac\u0103 sabia nu-l taie, \/ Dar cu umilin\u021b\u0103 lan\u021bu-l \u00eencovoaie.\u201d Prin c\u0103r\u021bile sale de autoantropologie sociologic\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 de la Paris, Dr\u0103ghicescu a ie\u0219it \u00eenving\u0103tor odat\u0103 cu \u021bara unit\u0103 \u00een 1918 \u0219i victorioas\u0103, atunci,dup\u0103 cum, la urm\u0103torul mare r\u0103zboi, \u0219i Benedict, \u00eempotriva Rom\u00e2niei (cu dragoste?) S\u0103-i fi pl\u0103cut ei, p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, c\u0103 rom\u00e2nii dau fetelor lor la c\u0103s\u0103torie zestre mai mare dec\u00e2t la noi, la americani? S\u0103 le fi sugerat subliminal solda\u021bilor lor zbur\u0103tori s\u0103 se \u00eensoare cu fete de pe aici, ca ai lui Traian, de ne-au inseminat virtutea daco-roman\u0103, r\u0103sdiminuat\u0103, spre jalea dr\u0103ghicescian\u0103, de ne\u00eentreruptele invazii p\u00e2n\u0103 azi?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

George ANCA<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dumitru Draghicescu Fiind invitat, ca v\u00e2lcean, s\u0103 iau parte la un simpozion dedicat lui Dumitru Dr\u0103ghicescu (1875 – 1945), \u00eentru [&hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15513","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15513"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15517,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15513\/revisions\/15517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15513"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15513"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}