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| <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \n ROMANIAN WORLD RAMAYANA<\/strong><\/div>\n Dr. George Anca <\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n Abstract<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n It seems that through the 25th<\/sup> International Ramayana Conference in Mysore (November, 2009), one from wherever part of the world feels one’s identification with God as Rama faighting Ravana. Even ‘Hindu countries’ don’t include Romania, Ramayana is there much more than a coffee house with this name in Bucharest. Some correspondences are mentioned bellow both from general cultural references and from author’s fictional own ramayanic writings: heroes, polycephaly, Sanskrit Dacia, Rama from Carpathians, New York Ramayana etc. <\/strong><\/div>\n From Ramayana by Sage Valmiki<\/em> <\/strong><\/div>\n raamo raamo raama iti prajaanaamabhavan kathaaH | \nraamabhuutaM jagaabhuudraame raajyaM prashaasati || 6-128-103 <\/strong><\/div>\n While Rama ruled the kingdom, the talks of the people centered round Rama, Rama and Rama. The world became Rama’s world. <\/strong><\/div>\n From Ramavataram by kavicakravati Kamban<\/em> <\/strong><\/div>\n Rama walked majestically towards Siva’s bow, putting even the lion, the bull, the golden Meru, and the elephant to shame. <\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n They just saw Rama taking the bow in his hand and instantly heard the sound of the breaking bow! <\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n From Ramcaritamanasa by Saint Tulsi Das<\/em> <\/strong><\/div>\n Men who devoutly take a plunge into it are never scorched with the burning rays of the sun of worldly illusion. <\/strong><\/div>\n Names depending on the versions<\/em> <\/strong><\/div>\n Rama, Ram, Bhargava<\/em><\/strong>: incarnation of Vishnu; oldest son of Dasharatha and Kausalya; husband of Sita; fater of Kusha and Lava<\/em> <\/strong><\/div>\n Asamiya<\/em><\/strong>: Vasumati \nBalinese<\/strong>: Ramadewa \nChinese<\/strong>: Lo-mo \nJavanese<\/strong>: Ragawa, Ramachandra, Sri Rama(wijaya) \nKhamti<\/strong>: Chao Laman \nKhmer<\/strong>: Preah Ram, Preah Ream \nLao<\/strong>: Ph(r)a Lahmahrat, Ph(r)a Lamma \nMalay<\/strong>: Agung Gempita, Seri Rama \nMaranao<\/strong>: Radia Mangandiri \nPali<\/strong>: Ramapandita \nPrakrit<\/strong>: Pauma \nTamil<\/strong>: Iraman \nThai<\/strong>: Daranoi, Phram, Phara Ram \nTibetan<\/strong><\/em>: Ramana \nVietnamese<\/strong>: Chung Du<\/em><\/div>\n Sita, Janaki, Maithili<\/em><\/strong>: incarnation of Lakshmi; wife of Rama; mother of Kusha and Lava<\/em><\/div>\n Balinese<\/em><\/strong>: Dewi Sita \nJavanese<\/strong>: Dewi Sinta \nKannada<\/strong>: Sittama \nKarbi<\/strong>: Ita Kunri \nKhmer<\/strong>: Neang Seda, Neang Seta, Neang Sita \nLao<\/strong>: Nang Sita \nMalay<\/strong>: Puteri bungsu Hanyut, Chahaya Keinderaan, Sakutum Bunga Satangkai, Sita Dewi, Siti Dewi \nMaranao<\/strong>: Tuwan Potre malaila Ganding, Tuwan Potre Malono Tihaia \nMyanmar<\/strong>: Thida \nSinghalese<\/strong>: Sitapati \nTamil<\/strong>: Shitai \nThai<\/strong>: Nang Piphat That Loi, Nang Sida \nTibetan<\/strong>: Rol-rNyed-ma, Zita \nVietnamese<\/strong>: Bach Tinh<\/em><\/div>\n Ravana, Dashagriva, Dashakantha, Dashamukha, Asura Vana<\/em><\/strong>: ogre king of Langka; husband of mandodari; faterh of Indrajit <\/em><\/div>\n Balinese<\/em><\/strong>: Rawana \nHindi<\/strong>: Ravan \nJavanese<\/strong>: Rahwana, Dasamuka \nKannada<\/strong>: Ravula \nKarbi<\/strong>: Raban \nKawi<\/strong>: Rawana, Dasamukha \nKhmer<\/strong>: Rab(n), Rabana, Krong Reap \nLao<\/strong>: Bommahchak, Dotsakhan, Haphanasun, Rabbahnasun \nMalay<\/strong>: Dauwichit, Gambar mahasakti, maharaja Duwana, maharaja Wana, Rahana, Raja Di Rimba, Rawana \nMaranao<\/strong>: Maharadia Lawana, Maharadia Duwan \nMongolian<\/strong>: Mangus, Tesegiriy, Tisegiri \nMyanmar<\/strong>: Datthagiri \nSundanese<\/strong>: Rawana \nTamil<\/strong>: Iravanan \nThai<\/strong>: Thotsakan \nTibetan<\/strong>: Ashapa, mDa\u2019shagriba \nVietnamese<\/strong>: Trang Minh<\/em><\/div>\n Hanuman<\/em><\/strong>, Hanumat, Anjaneya, Anjata, Maruti: sof of Anjana and Vayu; monkey leader Balinese<\/strong>: Hanoman \nJavanese<\/strong>: Anoman, Senggana \nKarbi<\/strong>: Haliman \nKhmer<\/strong>: Anjat, Anujit \nLao<\/strong>: Hanumon(e), Hulahman, Hunahman, Huonahman, Huorahman \nMalay<\/strong>: haduman, Hanuman Kera Putih, Kera Kechil Iman Tergangga, Phalawan Udara, ShahNuman \nMaranao<\/strong>: Laksamana (Mangawarna is the name of Lakshmana) \nSinghalese<\/strong>: Hanumant \nTamil<\/strong>: Anuman \nThai<\/strong>: Anchar, Wanon \nTibetan<\/strong>: Hanumandha, Hanumanta<\/em><\/div>\n Polycephaly – Greek mythology<\/h3>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chimera \u2013 sometimes depicted with the heads of a goat and a lion <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Lernaean Hydra \u2013 an ancient nameless serpent-like chthonic water beast that possessed numerous heads <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orthrus \u2013 a two-headed dog owned by Geryon <\/strong><\/div>\n Other accounts state that some of these creatures were the offspring of Phorcys and Ceto. Phorcys is also said to have fathered Scylla, a giant monster with six dogs’ heads, which terrorises Odysseus and his crew. <\/strong><\/div>\n Polycephaly – Other mythologies<\/h3>\n\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Janus, a two- or four-faced god in Roman mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kaliya, a multi-headed snake vanquished by Krishna in Indian mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nehebkau, a two-headed snake in Egyptian mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Orochi, an eight-headed snake in Japanese mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ravana, the ten-headed King of Lanka from the Hindu smriti Ramayana <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Triglav (meaning “three headed”) is a god or complex of gods in Slavic mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zmey Gorynych, a dragon in Slavic mythology <\/strong><\/div>\n Romanian myths part of international culture<\/em><\/h3>\n\n<\/em><\/h3>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vampire<\/span> – See strigoi<\/span> and moroi<\/span>, which are more phantom- or wizard-like creatures. <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (v\u00e2rcolac<\/span>) <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eobolan<\/span> – A giant rat similar to the SA capybara<\/span>. Rural Romanian folklore attributes the \u015fobolan human Werewolf<\/span>characteristics. <\/strong><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solomonar<\/span> – See Hultan<\/span> and Solomonari<\/span>, which were a group of nobles and wizards made famous more by the families who were members of the society then for their deeds. However, this is mainly do to the secret crusades of Christianity<\/span> and their attempt to destroy all history and knowledge of these Wizards. Some of these names include Dracula Vlad<\/span>, Solomon, Despina the Impure, Ty’ere, Ventruszch, Brohmyr, Izhain and Vohc. <\/strong><\/div>\n Most of these names can be found<\/strong> in Romanian Lore in reference to Vampires and Dragons.<\/div>\n Personages in folk literature<\/em><\/h2>\n\n<\/em><\/h2>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Baba Dochia<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Balaur<\/span> (dragon<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Baubau<\/span>, variant form Babau<\/em> (similar to the Bogeyman<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0103pc\u0103un<\/span> (an ogre<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0103\u0163elul P\u0103m\u00e2ntului<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fata P\u0103durii<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ileana Cos\u00e2nzeana<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Iele<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Luceaf\u0103r<\/span> – similar to Planet Venus<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moroi<\/span> (a type of vampire<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mo\u015ful<\/span> (the old man)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Muma P\u0103durii<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pricolici<\/span> (a werewolf<\/span> or demon<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rohmani<\/span> (or Blajini)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Samca<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Solomonari<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00e2nziana<\/span> (or Dr\u0103gaic\u0103)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Spiridu\u015f<\/span> (a sprite<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stafie<\/span> – similar to Ghost<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Strigoi<\/span> (a vampire<\/span> or zombie<\/span>)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uniil\u0103<\/span> (a devil<\/span> )<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Uria\u015f<\/span> – similar to Giant<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ursitoare<\/span> – similar to the Fates<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vasilisc<\/span> – similar to Basilisk<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e2lva<\/span><\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e2ntoase<\/span> (spirits of the wind)<\/div>\n \u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u00e2rcolac<\/span> ( |