{"id":31263,"date":"2017-07-27T08:19:55","date_gmt":"2017-07-27T08:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=31263"},"modified":"2017-07-27T08:20:39","modified_gmt":"2017-07-27T08:20:39","slug":"ionut-tene-numele-romanului-%e2%80%9edemonii%e2%80%9d-de-dostoievski-tradus-gresit-in-limba-romana-sa-intelegem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2017\/07\/27\/ionut-tene-numele-romanului-%e2%80%9edemonii%e2%80%9d-de-dostoievski-tradus-gresit-in-limba-romana-sa-intelegem\/","title":{"rendered":"Ionu\u0163 \u0162ene: Numele romanului \u201eDemonii\u201d de Dostoievski tradus gre\u0219it \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. S\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DEMONII-DOSTOIEVSKY-cop1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-31264\" title=\"demonii-dostoievsky-cop1\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DEMONII-DOSTOIEVSKY-cop1-192x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DEMONII-DOSTOIEVSKY-cop1-192x300.jpg 192w, https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/DEMONII-DOSTOIEVSKY-cop1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/a>Periodic revin cu pl\u0103cere \u015fi aten\u0163ie sporit\u0103 la lecturarea romanelor scriitorului rus Dostoievski. Acestea suprind esen\u0163ialul vie\u0163ii \u015fi sunt adev\u0103rate c\u0103r\u0163i profetice despre sensul istoriei \u015fi destinul umanit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een general. Dostoievski a avut \u015fansa, dac\u0103 o putem spune a\u015fa, de a fi atins de \u201e\u00eengerul mor\u0163ii\u201d, fapt ce i-a dat \u00eenzestrarea de a avea \u201edou\u0103 perechi de ochi\u201d, vorba filosofului existen\u0163ialist Lev \u015eestov. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ochii naturali, a avut acei \u201eochi largi \u00eenchi\u015fi\u201d spre sine \u015fi esen\u0163a lumii, de a vedea lucruri sensibile pe care nu orice om le poate vedea sau pricepe. Dostoievski a v\u0103zut dincolo de orizontul imediat. Dostoievski a f\u0103cut parte \u00een anii 1840 dintr-o organiza\u0163ie secret\u0103 rus\u0103 revolu\u0163ionar\u0103 de sorginte nihilist\u0103. Arestat de ohrana \u0163arist\u0103 este condamnat la moarte, ca apoi \u00een timp ce era dus \u00een fa\u0163a plutonului de execu\u0163ie, c\u0103l\u0103ul \u00een loc s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 sentin\u0163a la moarte \u015fi s\u0103 o pun\u0103 \u00een \u00eendeplinire i se cite\u015fte ucazul de comutare a pedepsei la ocn\u0103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cred c\u0103 minutele acelea, c\u00e2nd a v\u0103zut \u201e\u00eengerul mor\u0163ii\u201d Dostoievski a cobor\u00e2t \u00een subteran\u0103 \u015fi a primit acea nou\u0103 perechi de ochi pentru a vedea dincolo de aparen\u0163e \u015fi finitudine. Experien\u0163a ocnei a fost transpus\u0103 \u00een excep\u0163ionalul roman \u201eAmintiri din casa mor\u0163ilor\u201d unde via\u0163a grea din recluziune era animat\u0103 de speran\u0163a \u201epetecului de cer\u201d, ce lumina interiorul lag\u0103rului \u015fi sufletul pu\u015fc\u0103ria\u015filor. Speran\u0163a libert\u0103\u0163ii dup\u0103 c\u0103in\u0163\u0103 \u015fi plata prin suferin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi c\u0103tu\u015fe transpare din romanul lui Dostoievski. Dar romancierul proasp\u0103t ie\u015fit dintre zidurile \u00eenchisorii realizeaz\u0103 c\u0103tu\u015fele unei vie\u0163i sociale \u015fi umane ruse\u015fti dincolo de zidurile \u00eenchisorii. Acel petec de cer liber s-a dovedit o utopie \u015fi omul dostoievskian e condamnat la lan\u0163uri \u015fi suferin\u0163\u0103 \u00een continuare, la dictatura omnitutinii, finitului \u015fi comunului \u00een general. Aici cade Dostoievski \u00een subteran\u0103 a\u015fa cum a c\u0103zut Platon \u00een \u201egrot\u0103\u201d sau Plotin \u00een finitudinea omului comun. P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 ceea ce spune Dostoievski afirma cu 2000 de ani \u00eenainte \u015fi Plotin: omul comun e produsul mediocrit\u0103\u0163ii, iar omul superior se r\u0103t\u0103ce\u015fte \u00eentr-o contemplativitate, care caut\u0103 esen\u0163a. Ac\u0163iunea e apanajul omului mediocru care nu-\u015fi pune prea multe interoga\u0163ii asupra sensului.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dostoievski se vede blocat \u00eentre zidurile unei societ\u0103\u0163i mediocre \u015fi a unei lumi \u00een care nu poate s\u0103 zdrobeasc\u0103 lan\u0163urile invizibile. Din disperare \u015fi suferin\u0163a lipsei unei c\u0103i a eliber\u0103rii, dar \u015fi a pierderii sensului vie\u0163ii \u015fi a libert\u0103\u0163ii spre izb\u0103vire Dostoievski scrie celebrele \u201e\u00censemn\u0103ri din subteran\u0103\u201d. Oarecum surprinde ca \u015fi Baudelaire incapacitatea geniului de a fi permanent ca albatrosul \u00een zbor \u015fi trebuie s\u0103 coboare \u015fchiop\u0103t\u00e2nd printre semeni pe puntea corabiei unde marinarii omului comun \u00ee\u015fi bat joc de mersul s\u0103u din alt\u0103 dimensiune a \u00een\u0163elegerii. Dictatura omului comun, tirania generalului asupra particularului \u015fi disperarea sau imposibilitatea unei eliber\u0103rii din c\u0103dere o surprinde genial Dostoievski \u00een romanul \u201eDemonii\u201d, care este cheia \u00een\u0163elegerii a ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een mersul istoriei noastre de dou\u0103 sute de ani \u00eencoace. Nelini\u015ftea abisal\u0103 a personajelor dincolo de bine \u015fi de r\u0103u, roase pe interior de temeri, ur\u0103 \u015fi \u00eentuneric, gata s\u0103 ucid\u0103 \u00een numele ideii de obiectivare ca \u015fi paradigm\u0103 \u00eempotriva libert\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi particularului \u00een\u0163eles ca o libertate asumat\u0103, e creionat\u0103 genial de autor, care a intuit c\u0103 omul liber pl\u0103te\u015fte \u00eencercarea ie\u015firii din \u201egrot\u0103\u201d sau finitudine. Eroii dostoievskieni vor s\u0103 rup\u0103 leg\u0103tura dintre cer \u015fi p\u0103m\u00e2nt, e o conjura\u0163ie a mediocrit\u0103\u0163ii \u00een fa\u0163a excelen\u0163ei, o \u00eencercare de sufocare prin general asupra individualit\u0103\u0163ii ca \u015fi chip a celui drept \u015fi bun. E un r\u0103zboi a omului finit \u00eempotriva celui infinit, a necesit\u0103\u0163ii contra transcenden\u0163ei. Ciudat c\u0103 traducerea \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103 a romanului \u201eDemonii\u201d de Dostoievski este gre\u015fit\u0103. Acum c\u00e2\u0163iva ani discut\u00e2nd cu o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 rusoaic\u0103, profesoar\u0103 de limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi traduc\u0103toare, am ajuns cu discu\u0163ia la romanul lui Dostoievski \u015fi ea nu \u00een\u0163elegea de ce \u00eel numesc \u201eDemonii\u201d. \u00cemi spunea c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 un roman \u00een ruse\u015fte a lui Dostoievski cu acest titlu. A stat \u015fi s-a g\u00e2ndit \u015fi apoi mi-a spus c\u0103 romanul se cheam\u0103 de fapt \u00een limba rus\u0103 \u201eDracii\u201d. \u2013 Asta e denumirea corect\u0103 a cunoscutului roman dostoievskian.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cred c\u0103 traduc\u0103torii rom\u00e2ni au preferat varianta \u201eDemonii\u201d mai edulcorat\u0103 \u015fi mai spiritual\u0103, amintind de demonul lui Eminescu sau de cel caucazian al lui Lermontov. Consider totu\u015fi c\u0103 adev\u0103ratul titlu de \u201eDracii\u201d din limba rus\u0103 surprinde corect sensul \u015fi esen\u0163a a ceea ce a dorit s\u0103 transmit\u0103 romancierul rus umanit\u0103\u0163ii: revolta infinitului fa\u0163\u0103 de omul finit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ionu\u0163 \u0162ENE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Cluj Napoca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>iulie 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Periodic revin cu pl\u0103cere \u015fi aten\u0163ie sporit\u0103 la lecturarea romanelor scriitorului rus Dostoievski. Acestea suprind esen\u0163ialul vie\u0163ii \u015fi sunt adev\u0103rate [&#038;hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31263"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31266,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31263\/revisions\/31266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}