{"id":32494,"date":"2017-10-19T14:37:08","date_gmt":"2017-10-19T14:37:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=32494"},"modified":"2017-10-19T14:40:46","modified_gmt":"2017-10-19T14:40:46","slug":"alexandru-nemoianu-despre-miturile-creatoare%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%93-balada-lui-john-henry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2017\/10\/19\/alexandru-nemoianu-despre-miturile-creatoare%e2%80%9d-%e2%80%93-balada-lui-john-henry\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandru Nemoianu: Despre ,,miturile creatoare\u201d \u2013 Balada lui John Henry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/istoric-Alexandru-Nemoianu2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-32495\" title=\"istoric-alexandru-nemoianu\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/istoric-Alexandru-Nemoianu2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>Exist\u0103 \u00een cultur\u0103 neamurilor anume nara\u0163iuni, balade sau legende care r\u0103m\u00e2n ca simboluri arhetipale, ca mituri creatoare, cu valoare ve\u015fnic\u0103.<br \/>\nSpre exemplu, legenda lui Icar r\u0103m\u00e2ne ca mit creator al dorin\u0163ei umane de a zbura, de a se rupe din ghiara gravita\u0163iei. Legenda Golemului, creatur\u0103 animat\u0103 miraculos de c\u0103tre Rabinul Loew din Praga, r\u0103m\u00e2ne ca mit al dorin\u0163ei de a avea sub control o inteligen\u0163\u0103 de tip uman complet condi\u0163ionat\u0103 \u015fi unii v\u0103d \u00een acest mit for\u0163a care m\u00e2na cibernetic\u0103. La Rom\u00e2ni exist\u0103 balada &#8220;Miori\u0163a&#8221;, \u00a0care \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103 modalitatea \u00een care un neam, aflat \u00een calea necazurilor \u015fi supus \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerilor istorice, a reu\u015fit s\u0103 transfigureze cele v\u0103zute \u015fi s\u0103 le a\u015feze sub un semn mai \u00eenalt \u015fi sub \u015fi \u00een planul Voin\u0163ei care or\u00e2nduie\u015fte cele v\u0103zute \u015fi cele nev\u0103zute.<br \/>\nO asemenea balad\u0103 \u015fi mit creator este, pentru Poporul American, &#8220;Balada lui John Henry&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Balada lui John Henry a ap\u0103rut \u00een jurul anului 1870. \u00cen acei ani sistemul de c\u0103i ferate americane se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndea cu o repeziciune uluitoare, ca o adev\u0103rat\u0103 p\u00e2nz\u0103 de p\u0103ianjen pe cuprinsul \u00eentregului continent nord american. Despre chipul nemilos \u00een care companiile de cai ferate se purtau cu lucr\u0103torii s-au scris volume \u00eentregi. La fel de mult s-a scris despre contribu\u0163ia acelora\u015fi companii la exterminarea popula\u0163iei b\u0103\u015ftina\u015fe, distrugerea ecosistemelor, etc. \u0218antierele de c\u0103i ferate, care aveau drept de via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi de moarte asupra celor care lucrau pe cuprinsul unei f\u00e2\u015fii ce se \u00eentidea cam cincsprezece mile la drapta \u015fi st\u00e2nga traseului liniei de cale ferat\u0103, au alc\u0103tuit un univers concentra\u021bionist. Ele foloseau propriile mijloace de plata, cupoane, stabileau pre\u0163urile, salariile, etc. \u00centre lucr\u0103tori un rol special \u00eel aveau &#8220;steel driving men&#8221;, perforatorii traverselor. Ei f\u0103ceau g\u0103uri \u00een traverse, g\u0103uri \u00een care se a\u015fezau, mai apoi, \u015furuburile care a\u015fezau sinele. Erau lucr\u0103tori profesioni\u015fti \u015fi care primeau o plata minimal mai decent\u0103. Chiar \u015fi asta a fost prea mult.<br \/>\n\u00cen anii 1870 au fost introduse ma\u015fini cu abur care efectuau perforarea traverselor. Atunci a ap\u0103rut Balada lui John Henry.<br \/>\nBalada spune c\u0103 nimeni nu \u015ftia de unde venise John Henry, &#8220;din Main ori din Texas&#8221;, deci oriunde de pe teritoriul Statelor Unite, deci un prototip universal locului. \u00cen plus el era &#8220;afro-american&#8221;, deci un &#8220;minoritar&#8221; \u015fi bine se \u015ftie c\u0103 &#8220;minorit\u0103\u021biile&#8221; fac Statele Unite, fiecare individ apar\u0163ine unei &#8220;minorit\u0103\u0163i&#8221;. Un alt fenomen social tipic Statelor Unite.<br \/>\nBalada spune c\u0103 John Henry era \u00eenalt de peste \u015fapte picioare (peste doi metrii) \u015fi cu o putere fizic\u0103 enorm\u0103. El folosea un ciocan gigantic, pe care nimeni altul nu \u00eel putea clinti. La aflarea \u015ftirii c\u0103 ma\u015fina cu aburi \u00eei va \u00eenlocui pe &#8220;steel driving men&#8221; John Henry a spus, &#8220;un om nu este dec\u00e2t un om, dar mai \u00eenainte c\u0103 ma\u015fina asta s\u0103 m\u0103 scoat\u0103 afar\u0103 am s\u0103 mor cu ciocanul asta \u00een m\u00e2na&#8221;. Iar apoi el provoac\u0103 ma\u015fina la lupta, cine poate bate mai multe g\u0103uri \u00eentr-o unitate de timp. Concursul \u00eencepe \u015fi John Henry b\u0103tea cu o repeziciune \u015fi exactitate care f\u0103ceau ca unealta lui, ciocanul, s\u0103 devin\u0103 incandescent (oare nu era acest foc semn de lumin\u0103?). El \u00eenfr\u00e2nge ma\u015fina dar la cap\u0103tul competi\u0163iei cade r\u0103pus de efortul supra omenesc. El \u00eenvinge ma\u015fina dar pre\u0163ul este chiar via\u0163a lui!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Balada lui John Henry este mitul creator al Neamului american. Un mit care \u00eenseamn\u0103 credin\u0163a \u00een puterea \u015fi imagina\u0163ia individual\u0103, credin\u0163a c\u0103 aceste daruri vor \u00eenfr\u00e2nge, c\u00e2ndva, pe cei a c\u0103ror singur\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 este banul \u015fi \u00eenchinarea c\u0103tre el.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Alexandru Nemoianu<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Istoric<br \/>\nThe Romanian American Heritage Center<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">19 octombrie 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exist\u0103 \u00een cultur\u0103 neamurilor anume nara\u0163iuni, balade sau legende care r\u0103m\u00e2n ca simboluri arhetipale, ca mituri creatoare, cu valoare ve\u015fnic\u0103. [&#038;hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32494"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32494\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32497,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32494\/revisions\/32497"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}