{"id":32533,"date":"2017-10-23T11:53:50","date_gmt":"2017-10-23T11:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=32533"},"modified":"2017-10-23T11:53:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-23T11:53:50","slug":"alexandru-nemoianu-scriptura%e2%80%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2017\/10\/23\/alexandru-nemoianu-scriptura%e2%80%9d\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandru Nemoianu: ,,Scriptura\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/AlexandruNemoianuEC1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-32534\" title=\"alexandrunemoianuec\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/AlexandruNemoianuEC1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>Geneza \u201cScripturii\u201d, modul \u00een care a ajuns la noi, reprezint\u0103 o istorie lung\u0103 \u015fi cu o importan\u021b\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 egal.<br \/>\n\u00cen \u00een\u0163elesul dat Scripturii de c\u0103tre cei care cred, ea este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din revela\u0163iile successive f\u0103cute prin Duhul Sf\u00e2nt unor\u00a0 \u201cale\u015fi\u201d, cunoscu\u0163i mai ales sub numele de Profe\u0163i sau direct de c\u0103tre Hristos-Dumnezeu, uceniciilor s\u0103i, adic\u0103 Apostolilor. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp Scriptura a \u00eencorporat \u015fi acele evenimente istorice care au contribuit la ar\u0103tarea c\u0103tre lume a lui Dumnezeu.<br \/>\nTextele care alc\u0103tuiesc \u201cVechiul Testament\u201d, au fost puse la un loc de c\u0103tre \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a\u0163ii Poporului Evreu \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een veacul al III-lea i.d.Chr. sub numele de \u201cTorah\u201d (Pentateucul, primele cinci c\u0103r\u0163i ale \u201cBibliei\u201d) \u015fi a textelor considerate sacre \u015fi alc\u0103tuind \u00eempreun\u0103 ceeace ei numesc \u201cTanakh\u201d. Este de subliniat c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 faza \u00een cuprinsul Tanakh-ului au intrat doar textele considerate sacre, o seama de texte referitoare la acelea\u015fi evenimente au r\u0103mas \u00een afar\u0103. Iar Tradi\u021bia a fost la randul ei codificat\u0103 \u00een \u201cMishna\u201d.<br \/>\n\u00cen veacul al II-lea i.d.Chr., regele Egiptului, Ptolemeu \u201cPhiladelphul\u201d,\u00a0 a hot\u0103r\u00e2t ca Biblioteca din Alexandria, de el \u00eentemeiat\u0103, s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 \u015fi o traducere a textelor sacre evreie\u015fti. \u00cen acest scop el a adunat \u015faptezeci de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a\u0163i, cunosc\u0103tori ai limbii ebraice \u015fi grece\u015fti (koine) \u015fi i-a delegat s\u0103 traduc\u0103 textele amintite, Totah \u0219i Tanakh-ul. Ei au sf\u00e2r\u015fit aceast\u0103 munc\u0103 gigantic\u0103 \u00een anul 132 i.d.Chr. \u015fi astfel a ap\u0103rut\u00a0 \u201cSeptuaginta\u201d, ceea ce \u00een \u201cBiblie\u201d este desemnat drept\u00a0 \u201cVechiul Testament\u201d.<br \/>\nCea mai veche traducere \u00een limba latin\u0103 s-a s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit, prin Fericitul Ieronim, \u00een veacul al IV-lea d.Chr., \u201dVulgata\u201d . Dar acea traducere nu a atins perfec\u0163iunea\u00a0 \u201cSeptuagintei\u201d.<br \/>\n\u00cen sf\u00e2r\u015fit \u00een veacul al X-lea d.Chr. (deci mult mai t\u00e2rziu) s-a alc\u0103tuit \u015fi varianta \u00een limba ebraic\u0103, a\u015fa numitul text\u00a0 \u201cMasoretic\u201d, care la r\u00e2ndul sau con\u0163ine diferen\u0163e fa\u0163\u0103 de textul \u201cSeptuagintei\u201d. \u00cen jurul acestor diferen\u0163e s-au purtat \u00eendelungate discu\u0163ii \u015fi nu pu\u0163ini au fost cei care ziceau c\u0103 textul ebraic, \u201dmasoretic\u201d trebuie urmat c\u0103ci, ziceau ei, a fost alc\u0103tuit de Evrei. Dar iat\u0103 c\u0103 descoperiri \u00eencepute prin 1947 au ar\u0103tat altceva.<br \/>\nEste vorba de pergamentele descoperite \u00een jurul a\u015fez\u0103rii de la Qumran, \u201ddocumentele de la Marea Moart\u0103\u201d. Aceste documente au fost scrise de c\u0103tre o sect\u0103 evreiasc\u0103 din veacurile i.d.Chr. \u015fi I d.Chr.. Secta \u015fi obiceiurile ei au fost \u00een detaliu descrise de c\u0103tre istoricul evreu Josephus Flavius, \u00een lucr\u0103rile sale, \u201dR\u0103zboaiele Iudaice\u201d \u015fi cea urm\u0103toare\u00a0 \u201cAntichit\u0103\u0163i Iudaice\u201d , scrise \u00een veacul I d.Chr. din porunca \u00cemp\u0103ratului de la Roma, Domitian. Ace\u015fti esenieni a\u015fteptau venirea lui Mesia \u015fi \u00eentre altele se ocupau cu copierea textelor sacre \u015fi p\u0103strarea lor \u00een vase ceramice sigilate. Descoperite, cum ziceam, dup\u0103 1947, aceste documente cuprind aproape \u00eentregul\u00a0 \u201cVechi Testament\u201d. Citirea lor a f\u0103cut posibil\u0103 stabilirea exactit\u0103\u0163ii textelor cuprinse \u00een \u201cSeptuagina\u201d, \u201dVulgata\u201d \u015fi textul masoretic. F\u0103r\u0103 putin\u0163\u0103 de t\u0103gad\u0103 s-a putut stabilit c\u0103 textul \u201cSeptuagintei\u201d este cel corect. Mai apoi Cre\u015ftinii au ad\u0103ugat la \u201cVechiul Testament\u201d textile, considerate semnificative \u015fi reale, referitoare la via\u0163\u0103, activitatea \u015fi \u00eenvierea lui Hristos, adic\u0103 cele trei Evanghelii\u00a0 \u201csinoptice\u201d \u015fi Evanghelia Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan, \u201dBogoslovul\u201d, \u201dCuv\u00e2nt\u0103torul de Dumnezeu, \u201dTeologul\u201d , Faptele Apostolilor , Epistolele \u015fi Apocalipsa. Din nou trebuie subliniat c\u0103 \u00een acea vreme au circulat sumedenie de alte \u201cevanghelii\u201d \u015fi texte apocrife care nu au fost incluse \u00een Noul Testament. Incluse au fost doar textele considerate de c\u0103tre Biseric\u0103 fiind semnificative \u015fi de folos Poporului credincios. Din anul 232 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie folosit termenul de \u201cBiblia\u201d. Ulterior Biblia a fost tradus\u0103 \u00een mai toate limbile p\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u015fi se poate spune c\u0103 o \u201climba\u201d nu a devenit deplin literar\u0103 \u015fi matur\u0103 dec\u00e2t dup\u0103 traducerea Bibliei \u00een limba respectiv\u0103. \u00cen rom\u00e2ne\u015fte Biblia a fost tradus\u0103 integral \u00een 1688, \u00een vremea Domnitorului \u015eerban Cantacuzino.<br \/>\nDin toate cele ar\u0103tate rezult\u0103 limpede c\u0103 Biserica a creat scripturile \u015fi nu invers. Este iar\u0103\u015fi limpede c\u0103 \u00een paralel cu existen\u0163a Scripturilor existau interpret\u0103rile ei, sistemul de rug\u0103ciune \u015fi de via\u0163\u0103 cre\u015ftin\u0103 deci ceea ce \u00eentr-un cuv\u00e2nt se nume\u015fte\u00a0 \u201cTradi\u0163ia\u201d. A sus\u0163ine c\u0103 \u201csola scriptur\u0103\u201d, doctrina conform c\u0103reia singure scripturile duc la slujirea dreapta a lui Dumnezeu, c\u0103 aceasta ar fi \u201ccalea\u201d, reprezint\u0103 un dureros exemplu de punere a carului \u00eenaintea tr\u0103g\u0103torilor. \u00cenc\u0103 mai mult, textele cuprinse \u00een Sf\u00e2nta Scriptur\u0103, fiind produsul Bisericii (trupul ve\u015fnic al lui Hristos) nu pot fi \u00een\u0163elese, t\u0103lm\u0103cite, dec\u00e2t \u00een cuprinsul Bisericii. C\u0103ci \u00een Biserica, credincio\u015fii \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie \u201ceu\u201d sau \u201ctu\u201d sau \u201cel\u201d, ei devin \u201caltceva\u201d \u015fi acest \u201caltceva\u201d este Trupul mistic al lui Hristos. Cu aceste adev\u0103ruri \u00een g\u00e2nd este at\u00e2ta de trist s\u0103 vezi cum cei care utilizeaz\u0103 doctrina \u00a0\u201csola scriptur\u0103\u201d \u00a0efectiv nu \u015ftiu ce fac. Spre exemplu. Dac\u0103 un \u201cBaptist\u201d sau un \u201ctremurici\u201d vor argumenta \u00a0\u201ccine are dreptate\u201d, ei \u00ee\u015fi vor arunc\u0103 unul altuia nesf\u00e2r\u015fite citate din Biblie. Prin acest fel de argumentare s-a ajuns ca azi s\u0103 existe peste dou\u0103zeci \u015fi patru de mii de secte (unele au fost a\u015fa de \u00eenver\u015funate \u00een folosirea doctrinei \u00a0\u201csola scriptur\u0103\u201d c\u0103 au sf\u00e2r\u015fit prin a nu mai fii cre\u015ftine), \u015fi num\u0103rul lor cre\u015fte. Rezult\u0103 deci c\u0103 metodologia folosit\u0103, dezbaterea \u00a0\u201cindividual\u0103\u201d \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 discern\u0103m\u00e2nt a Bibliei, duce la divizare, la dezbinare. (S\u0103 ne aducem aminte c\u0103 \u00een ebraic\u0103 \u201csatan\u201d chiar asta \u00eenseamn\u0103, \u201dcel care dezbin\u0103\u201d). F\u0103r\u0103 tradi\u0163ie \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 dreapta \u00een\u0163elegere a Scripturilor toate sectele amintite, toate \u015fi fiecare, nu fac dec\u00e2t s\u0103 repete, din nou \u015fi din nou, erezii vechi \u015fi de mult deconspirate. S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 necuratul nu este \u201cde\u015ftept\u201d, este tenace \u015fi iar\u0103\u015fi s\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een conformitate cu \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tur\u0103 Bisericii, \u201dnepurtarea de grij\u0103\u201d (altfel zis \u201cprostia\u201d) \u00a0este un p\u0103cat.<br \/>\n\u00cen aceste \u00eemprejur\u0103ri neo-protestan\u0163ii \u015fi toate sectele \u015fi cultele zis \u201ccre\u015ftine\u201d nu fac dec\u00e2t s\u0103 repete trecute erezii \u015fi la asta adug\u0103 o trufie \u015fi o stultitie f\u0103r\u0103 margine.<br \/>\nDialogul cu ei este inutil. Ei nu pot \u00eenva\u0163\u0103 deoarece nu ascult\u0103, tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 care une\u015fte pe to\u0163i fanaticii.<br \/>\nPentru \u00a0\u201cnoi\u201d este suficient s\u0103 fim parte din Biserica Dreptmaritoare, s\u0103 \u00eei ascult\u0103m \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103turile, s\u0103 \u00eei urm\u0103m sfaturile, s\u0103 \u00eei admir\u0103m frumuse\u0163ea \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103teasc\u0103, s\u0103 st\u0103m uniti \u00een jurul Ierarhiilor \u015fi s\u0103 ascult\u0103m glasul clopotelor care bat spre lauda lui Dumnezeu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Alexandru Nemoianu<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>Istoric<br \/>\nThe Romanian American Heritage Center<\/p>\n<p>23 octombrie 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Geneza \u201cScripturii\u201d, modul \u00een care a ajuns la noi, reprezint\u0103 o istorie lung\u0103 \u015fi cu o importan\u021b\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 egal. \u00cen [&#038;hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32533","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32533"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32533\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32536,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32533\/revisions\/32536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32533"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32533"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32533"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}