{"id":32944,"date":"2017-11-07T12:25:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-07T12:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=32944"},"modified":"2017-11-07T12:25:00","modified_gmt":"2017-11-07T12:25:00","slug":"alexandru-nemoianu-tarani-si-graniceri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2017\/11\/07\/alexandru-nemoianu-tarani-si-graniceri\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandru Nemoianu: \u021a\u0103rani \u0219i gr\u0103niceri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>O foarte frumoas\u0103 legend\u0103 descrie \u00een acest fel \u00eenceputul unei anume a\u0219ez\u0103ri omenesti.
\nHotarul acestei a\u0219ez\u0103ri a fost \u00eensemnat de \u00eentemeietorul ei printr-o brazd\u0103 tras\u0103 cu plugul. Atunci c\u00e2nd acest hotar, aceast\u0103 grani\u021b\u0103, a fost \u00eenc\u0103lcat\u0103 acel \u00eentemeietor de a\u0219ezare nu a \u0219ov\u0103it s\u0103 ridice bra\u021bul \u00eenarmat \u0219i s\u0103 pedepeseasc\u0103 cu moartea pe cel vinovat; chiar dac\u0103 \u00eei era frate geam\u0103n. Este posibil ca legenda s\u0103 fi fost dat\u0103 uit\u0103rii \u00een timp. Dar s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat c\u0103 \u00eentemeietorul a fost Romulus, vinovatul a fost Remus iar acea a\u0219ezare avea s\u0103 devie “Ora\u0219ul”, adic\u0103 Roma. Mai trebuie re\u021binut un lucru.
\nAsez\u0103rile nu au devenit sau nu devin vestite deoarece sunt iubite; ele devin vestite deoarece oamenii lor le iubesc f\u0103r\u0103 margine.<\/p>\n

Aceasta legend\u0103 are o \u00eensemn\u0103tate care dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cu mult faptele imediate, ea are, mai ales, o valoare alegoric\u0103. Ea ne spune c\u0103 a\u0219ez\u0103rile care vor s\u0103 d\u0103inuiasc\u0103 au fost \u0219i sunt \u00eentemeiate de oameni ai p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, care, vreme dup\u0103 vreme, au r\u0103sturnat brazde, au pus s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba \u00een p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i au a\u0219teptat cu credin\u021b\u0103 ca s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba s\u0103 aduc\u0103 roada.<\/p>\n

\nEste dincolo de orice \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 acest soi de oameni au dezvoltat un sistem de valori care reflect\u0103 statornicie. Ei sunt aceia care au cultivat p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u0219i \u00eempreun\u0103 cu el valori spirituale ve\u0219nice cum sunt credin\u021ba \u00een Dumnezeu, sentimentul \u0219i onoarea familiei, dragostea, sentimentul de solidaritate \u0219i curajul de a sta \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 n\u0103v\u0103lirilor. \u00cen acest fel ace\u0219ti oameni au devenit, simultan, \u021b\u0103rani \u0219i p\u0103zitori de valori spirituale, adic\u0103 gr\u0103niceri. \u00cen cursul istoriei \u0219tim cazuri c\u00e2nd aceast\u0103 condi\u021bie, \u021b\u0103ran \u0219i gr\u0103nicer, a fost instu\u021bionalizat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\nAstfel \u00een veacul al II-lea \u0219i al III-lea d.Ch administra\u021bia roman\u0103 va stabili \u00een locurile greu de p\u0103zit pe “limitanei”, sau gr\u0103niceri. Ace\u0219ti oameni erau liberi, aveau \u00een folosin\u021b\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, p\u0103\u0219unile, apele, p\u0103durea, dar trebuiau s\u0103 stea sub arme gata s\u0103 resping\u0103 orice n\u0103v\u0103litor. Mai apoi, \u00een Imperiul Bizantin, grani\u021ba de r\u0103s\u0103rit, greu \u00eencercat\u0103, va fi p\u0103zit\u0103 de c\u0103tre vitejii “akrites” sau “cei de la hotare”. Ace\u0219tia vor avea de p\u0103zit nu doar hotarul, p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, dar \u0219i credin\u021ba vie. Faptele lor de vitejie aveau s\u0103 fie c\u00e2ntat\u0103 \u00een balade la fel de frumoase ca poemele homerice \u0219i \u00eentre ele amintesc pe vestitul, “Digenis Akritas”.
\nDe acela\u0219i tip au fost \u0219i gr\u0103nicerii b\u0103n\u0103\u021beni din veacul al XVIII-le \u0219i XIX-lea. Despre vitejia lor pomenea \u00eensu\u0219i Napoleon \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Arcole. Ace\u0219ti b\u0103n\u0103\u021beni de munte erau considera\u021bi \u00een r\u00e2nd cu nobilimea. Ei aveau dreptul s\u0103 poarte arme \u0219i la nevoie s\u0103 apeleze la judecata \u00cemp\u0103ratului. \u00cen Banatul de munte nu au existat “baroni” \u0219i “grofi”. Noi am fost \u0219i am r\u0103mas oameni liberi \u0219i st\u0103p\u00e2ni!<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul Rom\u00e2nilor situa\u021bia de \u021b\u0103ran \u0219i gr\u0103nicer a reprezentat condi\u021bia permanent\u0103, regula. Aceasta deoarece la Rom\u00e2ni a\u0219ezarea de baz\u0103 a fost satul. St\u0103p\u00e2nirile se schimbau, n\u0103v\u0103litorii treceau, val dup\u0103 val, dar satul r\u0103m\u00e2nea pe loc, statornic \u00een vatra \u0219i valorile sale. Ar fi de tot naiv s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i imagineze cineva c\u0103 satul rom\u00e2n veghea la bunuri materiale. Satul a stat mai ales de veghe unor valori spirituale, unui mod de via\u021b\u0103, “legii rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti”. C\u0103ci “Legea Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103” , \u00een\u021belegerea diferen\u021bei dintre bine \u0219i rau a Romanilor, s-a f\u0103urit \u00een lungul mileniilor \u0219i la alc\u0103tuirea ei au contribuit: Daci, Romani, Bizantini. Paza acestei legi rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti o f\u0103cea toat\u0103 suflarea satului, mai pu\u021bin cei v\u00e2ndu\u021bi \u0219i repede da\u021bi uit\u0103rii. Cei care \u00ee\u0219i f\u0103ceau crez din jaf \u0219i sala\u0219 pe spinarea calului. C\u00e2nd spun aceast\u0103 m\u0103 g\u00e2ndesc la o afirma\u021bie \u00eent\u00e2i f\u0103cut\u0103 de c\u0103tre Nicolae Iorga.
\nNicolae Iorga spunea c\u0103 \u00een fapt Rom\u00e2nii nici nu aveau “o\u0219ti”. C\u0103ci o\u0219ti provine din latinescul “hostis” care \u00eenseamn\u0103 du\u0219mani. “Legea Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103” era ap\u0103rat\u0103 de \u021b\u0103ranii-gr\u0103niceri \u00een totalitatea lor \u0219i \u00een hot\u0103r\u00e2rea lor de a fi statornici \u00een ea. A\u0219a au stat \u0219i stau \u021b\u0103ranii-gr\u0103niceri \u00een\u0219irui\u021bi \u00een lungul mun\u021bilor din Bucovina \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la Almajul cel f\u0103r\u0103 egal. Ace\u0219ti oameni alc\u0103tuiesc os\u0103tura tare a Neamului \u0219i \u00een ei a stat f\u0103g\u0103duin\u021ba existen\u021bei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti \u00een tot cursul istoriei sale. Dincolo de ce va aduce viitorul cineva se poate \u00eentreba ce putere, ce resort tainic \u00eei \u021bine \u00een putere pe \u021b\u0103ranii-gr\u0103niceri, \u00eei \u021bine drep\u021bi, gata de lupt\u0103, neclinti\u021bi \u0219i cu \u00eendr\u0103zneal\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencrederea de a spune, “nu ne pot da ei at\u00e2ta c\u00e2t putem noi duce”. Este vorba aici de credin\u021b\u0103 neclintit\u0103 \u00eentr-un Dumnezeu personal. Cel care ieri, azi,\u00eentotdeauna, se afl\u0103 l\u00e2ng\u0103 noi: lucr\u00e2nd necontenit, r\u00e2nduind ploaie la vreme \u0219i pun\u00e2nd pe mas\u0103, “p\u00e2inea noastr\u0103 cea spre fiin\u021b\u0103”.<\/p>\n

———————————<\/p>\n

Alexandru Nemoianu<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Istoric
\nThe Romanian American Heritage Center<\/p>\n

7 noiembrie 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O foarte frumoas\u0103 legend\u0103 descrie \u00een acest fel \u00eenceputul unei anume a\u0219ez\u0103ri omenesti. Hotarul acestei a\u0219ez\u0103ri a fost \u00eensemnat de [&hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32944","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32944","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32944"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32947,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32944\/revisions\/32947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32944"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32944"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}