{"id":34454,"date":"2017-12-29T08:54:55","date_gmt":"2017-12-29T08:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=34454"},"modified":"2017-12-29T08:54:55","modified_gmt":"2017-12-29T08:54:55","slug":"ioan-popoiu-afirmarea-unei-natiuni-romania-1866-1947-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2017\/12\/29\/ioan-popoiu-afirmarea-unei-natiuni-romania-1866-1947-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Ioan POPOIU: Afirmarea unei na\u0163iuni &#8211; Rom\u00e2nia 1866-1947 (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/ioan-popoiu1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-34455\" title=\"ioan-popoiu\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/ioan-popoiu1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"180\" height=\"241\" \/><\/a>La 10 Mai 1866, principele Carol de Hohenzollern, dup\u0103 ce p\u0103r\u0103sea patria sa prusian\u0103, p\u0103trundea \u00een Bucure\u015fti \u015fi depunea jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul ca domnitor al Rom\u00e2niei \u00een fa\u0163a reprezentan\u0163ilor na\u0163iunii. \u00cens\u0103 drumul care a dus la acest triumf politic a fost lung, sinuos, c\u00e2t se poate de dramatic.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dup\u0103 \u00een\u0103bu\u015firea revolu\u0163iei din 1848-1849, prin interven\u0163ia imperiilor vecine, Rusia, Turcia \u015fi Austria, tribunii na\u0163ionali\u015fti rom\u00e2ni au p\u0103r\u0103sit \u0163ara \u015fi au plecat \u00een exil, \u00een Apus. Ei au \u00eencercat, \u00een noile condi\u0163ii, s\u0103 continue lupta pentru cauza na\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi constituirea unei patrii rom\u00e2ne. \u00cens\u0103 abia dup\u0103 izbucnirea r\u0103zboiului Crimeii (1853-1856) \u015fi \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea Rusiei, perceput\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci ca ,,jandarmul Europei\u201d absolutiste, a ap\u0103rut posibilitatea real\u0103 a unei reu\u015fite \u00een lupta na\u0163ional\u0103. Pentru prima dat\u0103 s-a vorbit despre situa\u0163ia Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne \u015fi viitorul lor \u00een timpul Conferin\u0163ei de la Viena (martie-iunie 1855). Dar situa\u0163ia lor politic\u0103 \u015fi organizarea lor viitoare a fost analizat\u0103 meticulos \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor Conferin\u0163ei de pace de la Paris, care s-a \u00eencheiat prin semnarea Tratatului din 18\/30 martie 1856. Conform prevederilor acestuia, \u00een cele dou\u0103 Principate urmau s\u0103 se constituie adun\u0103ri ad-hoc, reprezentative, care s\u0103 exprime interesele tuturor claselor societ\u0103\u0163ii rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u015fi aspira\u0163iile lor. Se mai hot\u0103ra ca Principatele s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 sub suzeranitatea Por\u0163ii, dar, \u00een acela\u015fi timp, ele intrau sub garan\u0163ia colectiv\u0103 a celor \u015fapte puteri europene, fiind desfiin\u0163at protectoratul exclusiv, ap\u0103s\u0103tor, al Rusiei.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more-->\u00cen prim\u0103vara anului 1856, \u00een Principate era declan\u015fat\u0103 mi\u015fcarea unionist\u0103 care viza unificarea acestora, modernizarea \u015fi sincronizarea lor cu Europa luminat\u0103. Dup\u0103 desf\u0103\u015furarea alegerilor, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lui septembrie 1857, Adun\u0103rile ad-hoc din cele dou\u0103 Principate \u015fi-au \u00eenceput lucr\u0103rile \u00een capitalele acestora, Bucure\u015fti \u015fi Ia\u015fi. La 7\/19 octombrie, la Ia\u015fi, M. Kog\u0103lniceanu propunea o mo\u0163iune care cuprindea patru puncte: 1. unirea Principatelor \u00eentr-un singur stat, numit Rom\u00e2nia; 2. alegerea unui prin\u0163 str\u0103in ereditar dintr-o dinastie apusean\u0103; 3. neutralitatea noului stat; 4. o adunare na\u0163ional\u0103 reprezentativ\u0103. La 9\/21 octombrie, la Bucure\u015fti, I. C. Br\u0103tianu propunea o mo\u0163iune similar\u0103, cu cele patru puncte, adoptat\u0103 \u00een unanimitate. Dolean\u0163ele na\u0163iunii rom\u00e2ne au fost \u00eenaintate apoi celor \u015fapte putereuropene, \u00eentrunite \u00een Conferin\u0163\u0103, la Paris, la 10\/22 mai 1858. Dup\u0103 dezbateri \u00eendelungi, puterile europene au elaborat Conven\u0163ia de la Paris, la 7\/19 august 1858. Conform acesteia, cele dou\u0103 \u0163\u0103ri se vor numi ,,Principatele Unite ale Moldovei \u015fi Valahiei\u201d, dar fiecare \u0163ar\u0103 urma s\u0103 aib\u0103 domn, guvern \u015fi adunare proprie. Cele dou\u0103 Principate erau ,,unite\u201d, dar continuau s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 separate!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dar rom\u00e2nii au v\u0103zut \u00een deciziile Conven\u0163iei o oportunitate, care trebuia fructificat\u0103, \u015fi au ac\u0163ionat inteligent pentru \u00eenf\u0103ptuirea Unirii! Dup\u0103 semnarea Conven\u0163iei, V. Boerescu scria \u00eentr-o lucrare, \u00een limba francez\u0103, c\u0103 puterile europene ,,n-au recunoscut unirea deplin\u0103, dar principiul ei a fost proclamat\u201d! Ne r\u0103m\u00e2ne acum nou\u0103, rom\u00e2nilor, s\u0103 facem restul. \u00cen aceast\u0103 direc\u0163ie s-a ac\u0163ionat, \u00een lunile urm\u0103toare, p\u00e2n\u0103 la deschiderea lucr\u0103rilor Adun\u0103rilor elective din cele dou\u0103 Principate, care trebuiau s\u0103-i aleag\u0103 pe domnii acestora. Rom\u00e2nii s-au prevalat de articolul din Conven\u0163ie care stabilea alegerea domnilor, dar nu interzicea expres alegerea aceluia\u015fi domn \u00een ambele Principate. La 5\/17 ianuarie 1859, Adunarea electiv\u0103 a Moldovei urma s\u0103-l aleag\u0103 pe domn, dar programul unionist integral nu era abandonat! \u00cen ajun, la 4\/16 ianuarie, M. Kog\u0103lniceanu cerea Adun\u0103rii s\u0103 nu ignore ,,dorin\u0163a cea mai aprins\u0103 a poporului \u00eentreg\u201d, respectiv unirea celor dou\u0103 Principate ,,sub guvern\u0103m\u00e2ntul unui principe str\u0103in\u201d, \u00een cel mai scurt timp! Un alt grup de deputa\u0163i, printre ei \u015fi Al. I. Cuza, a propus un amendament \u00een care exprima ,,cea mai sacr\u0103 \u015fi vie p\u0103rere de r\u0103u\u201d pentru ne\u00eemplinirea ,,celei mai unanime dorin\u0163e a na\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne, unirea&#8230;sub un principe str\u0103in\u201d. Chiar \u00een ziua alegerii domnului Moldovei, era reafirmat\u0103 ideea c\u0103 unirea sub un prin\u0163 str\u0103in continua s\u0103 fie ,,cea mai vie, cea mai aprins\u0103, cea mai general\u0103 a na\u0163iei rom\u00e2ne\u201d. Cel ce avea s\u0103 fie ales domn, urma s\u0103 fie purt\u0103torul unui ,,depozit sacru\u201d, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd \u00eemprejur\u0103rile aveau s\u0103 permit\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103ptuirea acestui deziderat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A urmat, la 5\/17 ianuarie, alegerea col. Al. I. Cuza ca domn al Moldovei \u015fi apooi, la 24 ianuarie 1859, desemnarea lui ca domn al Munteniei. D. Bolintineanu scria c\u0103 alegerea lui Cuza a trezit ,,un entuziasm sublim\u201d, dar faptul c\u0103 Principatele aveau acum acela\u015fi domn, nu a \u00eensemnat sf\u00e2r\u015fitul luptei pentru unire, deoarece dezideratul prin\u0163ului str\u0103in \u00een fruntea acestora nu era \u00eenf\u0103ptuit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Prof. Ioan POPOIU, <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>licen\u021biat \u00een Istorie-Filosofie \u0219i Teologie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>C\u00e2mpulung Moldovenesc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>29 decembrie, 2017<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La 10 Mai 1866, principele Carol de Hohenzollern, dup\u0103 ce p\u0103r\u0103sea patria sa prusian\u0103, p\u0103trundea \u00een Bucure\u015fti \u015fi depunea jur\u0103m\u00e2ntul [&#038;hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34454"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34454\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34457,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34454\/revisions\/34457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}