{"id":5597,"date":"2012-05-08T10:43:05","date_gmt":"2012-05-08T10:43:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/?p=5597"},"modified":"2012-05-08T10:54:53","modified_gmt":"2012-05-08T10:54:53","slug":"%e2%80%9eradacinile-arheale%e2%80%9c-si-%e2%80%9econstiinta-sfasiata%e2%80%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/2012\/05\/08\/%e2%80%9eradacinile-arheale%e2%80%9c-si-%e2%80%9econstiinta-sfasiata%e2%80%9c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eR\u0103d\u0103cinile arheale\u201c \u015fi \u201econ\u015ftiin\u0163a sf\u00e2\u015fiat\u0103\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><strong><strong><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/adr1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" title=\"adr1\" src=\"http:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/05\/adr1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"145\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong>Cu aproape zece ani \u00een urm\u0103 tip\u0103ream la Helicon-ul timi\u015forean o masiv\u0103 antologie dedicat\u0103 Poe\u0163ilor din Bucovina. Era, indiscutabil, o carte necesar\u0103, aduc\u00e2nd acas\u0103 \u015fi pe cei de \u201edincolo\u201c, uita\u0163i \u2013 vinovat \u2013 at\u00e2ta vreme. Acum trudesc la un op (masiv \u015fi el), propun\u00e2nd 101 profiluri (critice, negre\u015fit) ale poe\u0163ilor basarabeni, venind \u2013 cu bucuria re-\u00eent\u00e2lnirilor \u2013 \u00een Casa Mare a literaturii noastre. Vreau \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 atrag aten\u0163ia asupra unei chestiuni, de regul\u0103, ocolit\u0103 (diplomatic). Problema revizuirilor e vital\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 ofensiv\u0103 recuperatoare \u015fi exigent\u0103. Ca \u015fi alt\u0103dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd, analiz\u00e2nd fenomenul literar basarabean, E. Lovinescu aducea \u00een scen\u0103, ca prim argument, interesul cultural, observ\u00e2nd c\u0103, dup\u0103 un secol de \u00eenstr\u0103inare, necunoscuta literatur\u0103 basarabean\u0103 invita mai degrab\u0103 la \u201eamor\u0163irea scrupulelor estetice\u201c. Totu\u015fi, ace\u015fti \u201emoldoveni desf\u0103cu\u0163i de noi\u201c (dup\u0103 expresia lui Iorga) au dovedit continuitate cultural\u0103 pe fundalul rezisten\u0163ei rom\u00e2nismului. \u00cenc\u00e2t a discuta despre literatura basarabean\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103, prioritar, a nu uita c\u0103 \u201enu exist\u0103 literatur\u0103 pur\u0103\u201c (D. Matcovschi) \u00een absen\u0163a unei pedagogii na\u0163ionale. \u015ei dac\u0103 poe\u0163ii sunt con\u015ftiin\u0163a moral\u0103 a na\u0163iunii (cf. E. Co\u015feriu), cruciada pentru Limb\u0103, Istorie \u015fi Neam s-a purtat, se \u015ftie, sub stindard eminescian de c\u0103tre o m\u00e2n\u0103 de scriitori, repudiind \u201eestetica de partid\u201c (Marian Popa), alergic\u0103 la sacru \u015fi exemplul lui Homo sovieticus, \u00eencuraj\u00e2nd mancurtizarea \u2013 veritabil genocid etno-cultural. Presiunea slaviz\u0103rii a trezit o con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u00eendurerat\u0103 \u015fi a obligat la ap\u0103rarea identit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi a specificit\u0103\u0163ii. Dar ac\u0163iunea \u201emoldovenist\u0103\u201c sovietic\u0103 a avut un scop politic \u015fi, sub masca afirm\u0103rii identit\u0103\u0163ii, a urm\u0103rit brutala separare de unitatea sa etnic\u0103, atent\u00e2nd la memoria istoric\u0103. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Stegarii moldovenismului agit\u0103 o fantom\u0103 lingvistic\u0103. A promova limba moldoveneasc\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 a dovedi o cras\u0103 ignoran\u0163\u0103 ori a comite o fraud\u0103 \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103, sub un \u00eentreit aspect (lingvistic, istoric, politic), nota Eugen Co\u015feriu; fiindc\u0103 rom\u00e2n \u015fi moldovean \u201enu sunt termeni de acela\u015fi rang semantic\u201c. Dincolo de absurditatea existen\u0163ei a dou\u0103 state rom\u00e2ne\u015fti \u015fi a unei limbi care circul\u0103 sub o dubl\u0103 denumire, chiar accept\u00e2nd o identitate cultural\u0103 \u201esupl\u0103\u201c, condi\u0163ionat\u0103 de \u201elogica metisajului\u201c (Jean-Loup Amselle, 1990) vom spune, f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc, c\u0103 acel \u201ena\u0163ionalism s\u0103n\u0103tos\u201c, cerut de E. Co\u015feriu \u00een contextul bilingvismului \u00eenseamn\u0103, negre\u015fit, raportarea la cultura \u201ede origine\u201c, invoc\u00e2nd un necesar etnocentrism. Datoria de a-\u015fi ap\u0103ra specificitatea nu \u00eenseamn\u0103, \u00een cazul literaturii basarabene, o reactivare a complexelor provincialismului (regionalismului), \u00een numele duiosului spiritus loci. Dup\u0103 cum re-apropierea de cultura rom\u00e2n\u0103, dep\u0103\u015find un dispre\u0163 p\u0103gubos n-ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eencurajeze \u201epuseurile localiste\u201c, protej\u00e2nd, chipurile, un specific regional, populat de valori precare, coco\u0163ate pe soclul \u201emarilor clasici\u201c. \u201eExamenul integr\u0103rii\u201c (ca s\u0103 prelu\u0103m formula lui Mihai Cimpoi) va fi necesarmente dur, respect\u00e2nd amprenta unei provincii culturale dar \u015fi imperativul sincroniz\u0103rilor interioare printr-o nemiloas\u0103 \u201ereducere la scar\u0103\u201c. Revenirea la matricea stilistic\u0103 fireasc\u0103 prin protejarea identit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi \u201erestabilirea \u00eentregului\u201c a \u00eencurajat, pe de o parte, neo-pa\u015foptismul cultural (inevitabil) \u015fi, pe alt\u0103 parte, accept\u00e2nd acest manolism (care, printr-o reluare sisific\u0103, aritmic\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi caut\u0103 fiin\u0163a rom\u00e2neasc\u0103) suntem \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163i\u0163i s\u0103 cerem \u015fi trezia spiritului critic. Excludem, a\u015fadar, deopotriv\u0103, complezen\u0163a sau reticen\u0163a. Fiindc\u0103 peisajul literar basarabean, provoc\u00e2nd un interes rezervat este necunoscut, din p\u0103cate. Sau cunoscut (acreditat) prin c\u00e2teva nume charismatice, cu \u201eautoritate patriotard-pontifical\u0103\u201c (cum scria, vizibil nemul\u0163umit, Arcadie Suceveanu), iritat \u2013 \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 \u2013 \u015fi de ini\u0163ierea unor \u201estrategii de consolare\u201c. Sau, pe fundalul aceleia\u015fi flagrante necunoa\u015fteri, de circula\u0163ia unor etichete depreciative, precum \u201esentin\u0163a\u201c lui I. Simu\u0163, convins c\u0103 literatura basarabean\u0103 ar fi \u201ea cincea roat\u0103 la c\u0103ru\u0163\u0103\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Revizuirile, a\u015fadar, urmeaz\u0103. Seceta proletcultist\u0103, realismul canonic, capacitatea imitativ\u0103 etc. oblig\u0103 la rea\u015fezarea valorilor \u015fi prefacerea h\u0103r\u0163ii literare. Dar nu prin \u201edecrete\u201c genera\u0163ioniste! Valorile coexist\u0103 \u00een oglinda cultural\u0103, relieful axiologic e accidentat iar rocadele, atunci c\u00e2nd se produc, au \u2013 necesarmente \u2013 o motiva\u0163ie estetic\u0103, nu biografic\u0103. \u00cenc\u00e2t frenezia revizuirilor, fireasc\u0103 pentru genera\u0163iile care vin, echipate cu un alt cod de lectur\u0103 pe suportul relax\u0103rii ideologice trebuie s\u0103 \u00eempace, credem, rede\u015fteptarea sentimentului na\u0163ional cu mentalitatea european\u0103, dincolo de false discordii \u015fi p\u0103guboase exclusivisme. \u015ei, desigur, \u00eentr-un pluralism civilizat al opiniilor. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Fenomenul miraculos al regener\u0103rii rom\u00e2nismului \u00een Basarabia, izbucnit pentru a stinge ceea ce s-a numit, \u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it, o \u201eruptur\u0103 ontologic\u0103\u201c oblig\u0103 la un efort integrator, ambivalent, recuper\u00e2nd o literatur\u0103 care p\u0103streaz\u0103, prin memoria etnic\u0103, r\u0103d\u0103cinile arheale rom\u00e2ne\u015fti dar care, sub \u201eteroarea Istoriei\u201c e b\u00e2ntuit\u0103 de o \u201econ\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 sf\u00e2\u015fiiat\u0103\u201c, c\u0103ut\u00e2ndu-\u015fi specificitatea. Pericolul rusific\u0103rii, criza dedubl\u0103rii, comandamentul sincroniz\u0103rilor \u00eentre\u0163in, pe de o parte, sentimentele de marginalitate \u015fi \u00eenstr\u0103inare, chiar reac\u0163ii retractile; pe de alt\u0103 parte, alimenteaz\u0103 \u201ecomplexul Ithaka\u201c (cf. M. Cimpoi), Basarabia fiind \u2013 s-a spus \u2013 \u201eo \u0163ar\u0103 \u00een exil\u201c. \u015ei dac\u0103 suntem de acord c\u0103 o geografie literar\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 nu poate ignora spa\u0163iul basarabean (cunosc\u00e2nd o schizoidie benign\u0103 care, \u00een timp, a alimentat un modus vivendi), sarcina urgent\u0103 ar fi, dup\u0103 noi, dovedind realism politic, edificarea unui spa\u0163iu cultural comun. Ideea unionist\u0103 nu mai e popular\u0103, atractivitatea economic\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rzie, dilema identitar\u0103 se prelunge\u015fte. A fost reactivat\u0103 o fantom\u0103 lingvistic\u0103: \u201elimba moldoveneasc\u0103\u201c. \u00cen acest context ne putem \u00eentreba dac\u0103 Basarabia, trec\u00e2nd \u201eproba exilului\u201c, mai e o provincie rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u015fi \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 literatura ei (care nu poate fi doar rom\u00e2neasc\u0103) are, prin des-\u0163\u0103rare, con\u015ftiin\u0163a acestei apartenen\u0163e.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rom\u00e2nismul basarabean a fost \u201esentinela latinit\u0103\u0163ii\u201c (Zamfir C. Arbure) iar fenomenul basarabean este un fenomen rom\u00e2nesc in extremis. Ca regiune de frontier\u0103 (border-land), Basarabia \u015fi-a prelungit protostatalitatea, independenta Republic\u0103 Moldova zb\u0103t\u00e2ndu-se \u00eentre securizare \u015fi federalizare. \u00cen vreme ce ru\u015fii au \u00eencurajat identitatea moldoveneasc\u0103, lipsa unui proiect panrom\u00e2nesc la Bucure\u015fti, incoeren\u0163a decizional\u0103 sau gafele diplomatice n-au f\u0103cut dec\u00e2t s\u0103 amplifice dezinteresul \u015fi s\u0103 blocheze replierea identitar\u0103. Cum limba, marele personaj tragic al Istoriei basarabene a fost exilat\u0103, glotonimul \u201elimb\u0103 moldoveneasc\u0103\u201c (norodnic\u0103) a f\u0103cut o fulminant\u0103 carier\u0103, recunosc\u00e2ndu-i-se chiar slavismul. Iar scrisul, pentru cei credincio\u015fi rom\u00e2nismului a devenit un act existen\u0163ial, hr\u0103nind o literatur\u0103 rizomic\u0103. \u015ei preg\u0103tind, conspirativ, o fabuloas\u0103 rena\u015ftere, obstruc\u0163ionat\u0103 ori deturnat\u0103 acum de pe calea re\u00eentregirii.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00cen fine, sociologic cercet\u00e2nd peisajul, interesul nostru se \u00eendreapt\u0103 c\u0103tre autorii de succes. \u015ei aici am g\u0103si \u00eenc\u0103 o motiva\u0163ie plauzibil\u0103 pentru r\u0103zboiul genera\u0163ionist. Parc\u0103 n-am subscrie p\u0103rerii c\u0103 ne mi\u015fc\u0103m \u00eentr-o societate acultural\u0103; dar chiar a\u015fa fiind, impactul unor autori provoac\u0103 frisoane \u015fi \u00eengrijor\u0103ri inutile. Cazul lui Grigore Vieru este cel mai conving\u0103tor. Poet de audien\u0163\u0103 na\u0163ional\u0103, bucur\u00e2ndu-se de o imens\u0103 popularitate (dar un \u201enecunoscut\u201c pentru Mircea Mih\u0103ie\u015f), delicatul (\u015fi \u00eenver\u015funatul polemist, c\u00e2nd e cazul) Grigore Vieru este, indiscutabil, un mesager al Basarabiei (M. Ungheanu) sau, dimpotriv\u0103, doar un poet domestic, paradisiac (Al. Cistelecan). El, sub presiunea circumstan\u0163elor, cultiv\u0103 o poetic\u0103 angajat\u0103 \u015fi \u201e\u00ee\u015fi asum\u0103 deliberat \u2013 nota Eugen Simion \u2013 un mesianism na\u0163ional pe care, \u00een condi\u0163ii normale, lirismul pur \u00eel evit\u0103\u201c. Fiorul emo\u0163ional al poeziilor lui Vieru, cel pentru care limba r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u201efocul cel sacru\u201c a c\u00e2\u015ftigat cititorii; ceea ce nu \u00eempiedic\u0103 pe c\u00e2te cineva s\u0103 scrie cu non\u015falan\u0163\u0103 c\u0103 \u201eversurile unor Vieru sau Lari sunt idioate\u201c. \u00centr-o vreme a slobozeniei limbajului, c\u0103zut deseori \u00een libertinaj \u015fi iresponsabilitate, iat\u0103 c\u0103 se g\u0103sesc condeie (critice!) care s\u0103 a\u015ftearn\u0103 astfel de fraze n\u0103ucitoare! Poetul mesianic \u015fi \u201eidentitatea de grup\u201c polarizeaz\u0103 reac\u0163iile din mediul literar basarabean, r\u0103sfr\u00e2nte asupra procesului de omologare. A lua \u201efi\u015fa de temperatur\u0103\u201c a acestui spa\u0163iu cultural \u00eendeamn\u0103 la reac\u0163ii divergente. Unii consider\u0103 \u201ec\u0103 se scrie foarte pu\u0163in\u201c (cf. Grigore Chiper) sau c\u0103 dezastrul deja s-a \u00eenst\u0103p\u00e2nit, dezinteresul pentru scris \u015fi c\u0103r\u0163i fiind suveran (cf. Vl. Be\u015fleag\u0103). Totu\u015fi, blam\u00e2nd literatura patriotic\u0103 de consum nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 s\u0103 devaloriz\u0103m \u015fi \u201ecanonada lacrimilor\u201c, specific\u0103 basarabenismului, dublat\u0103 de fantezie lingvistic\u0103 \u015fi rafinament livresc. \u201eComplexul patriei\u201c s\u0103 \u00eensemne eliminarea sacrului? \u201eIntoxicarea\u201c pe care o denun\u0163\u0103 Tamara Carau\u015f \u00een tzara sa, pr\u0103pastia la nivelul scriiturii pe care o descoper\u0103 junii (impun\u00e2nd o \u201egrani\u0163\u0103 literar\u0103\u201c \u00eentre genera\u0163ii), \u00een fine superbia afi\u015fat\u0103 de un Em. Galaicu-P\u0103un pentru care doar optzeci\u015ftii ar fi reu\u015fit \u201etrecerea la obiect\u201c sunt reac\u0163ii suportabile \u00eentr-un mediu normal. Dar Republica Moldova de azi nu ofer\u0103 a\u015fa ceva. Ideologia antirom\u00e2nismului e feroce iar fundamentalismul moldovenesc d\u0103 \u00een clocot. \u00cen acest context, demonismul celor ce acuz\u0103 \u201edescompunerea na\u0163iunii moldovene\u015fti\u201c \u015fi subminarea fiin\u0163ei na\u0163iunii \u2013 cum o fac Vasile Radu \u015fi Nicolae Mihnea (apud Theodor Codreanu) sub amenin\u0163area imperialismului rom\u00e2nesc merit\u0103 o replic\u0103 pe m\u0103sur\u0103. \u00cenc\u00e2t \u00eentrebarea aceasta, \u00eenc\u0103 nerezolvat\u0103, se cuvine s\u0103 ne preocupe. Descoperind \u00eens\u0103 alte r\u0103spunsuri. Evident, va fi vorba de o gril\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 de receptare. Nu \u015ftim dac\u0103, realmente, \u201ecritica basarabean\u0103 este grav bolnav\u0103\u201c (cf. Iulian Ciocanu) dar nu credem c\u0103 genera\u0163ia Dabija-Lari \u201ea dat chix\u201c (cf. Ghenadie Nicu). Amestec\u00e2nd criteriile putem lansa numeroase acuze pornind de la insidioasa constatare a \u201edecalajului artistic\u201c. Cert e c\u0103 nu putem cerceta fenomenul literar basarabean ignor\u00e2nd perceperea lui contextual\u0103. Iar o \u00eent\u00e2mpinare emo\u0163ional\u0103 e chiar de dorit, refuz\u00e2nd indiferentismul, solidariz\u0103rile genera\u0163ioniste belicoase, supralicit\u0103rile, toate sub flamura necesarei populariz\u0103ri. Concluzia lui Alex \u015etef\u0103nescu merit\u0103 transcris\u0103: \u201epoezia basarabean\u0103 emo\u0163ioneaz\u0103, deci exist\u0103\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Acel a\u015fteptat \u201eexamen de integrare\u201c, cl\u0103dind o realitate cultural\u0103 comun\u0103 va redimensiona valorile prin inevitabila reducere la scar\u0103; doar unii, pu\u0163ini, vor beneficia de vizibilitate \u00een peisajul literar rom\u00e2nesc, av\u00e2nd la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 \u201epa\u015faportul\u201c estetic, instal\u00e2ndu-se \u00een impozante Istorii literare. B\u00e2ntuit\u0103 de complexe, Basarabia r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eenc\u0103 \u201eo margine satanizat\u0103\u201c, sub angoasa solitudinii valorice \u015fi supus\u0103 sincronismului unilateral c\u00e2t\u0103 vreme indiferen\u0163a centrului ori ac\u0163iunile publicitare g\u0103l\u0103gioase alimenteaz\u0103 \u015firul de prejudec\u0103\u0163i, izvor\u00e2te din necunoa\u015ftere \u015fi suspiciune. Veritabila asumare \u00een circuitul valoric rom\u00e2nesc, refuz\u00e2nd autarhia sau infatuarea, \u00eent\u00e2rzie; c\u00e2nd evadarea din \u201ezona gri\u201c se va fi produs cu adev\u0103rat, c\u00e2nd \u00een interiorul culturii rom\u00e2ne aceast\u0103 literatur\u0103 basarabean\u0103 se va fi lep\u0103dat de statutul marginal (ca \u201edat ontologic\u201c, cum academic zice Mihai Cimpoi) atunci, realmente, ea va ajunge \u201eacas\u0103\u201c. Aceast\u0103 asumare nu mai poate fi \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>ADRIAN DINU RACHIERU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sursa: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rachieru.ro\/editoriale_recenzii_articole\/%E2%80%9Eradacinile-arheale-si-%E2%80%9Econstiinta-sfasiata\">http:\/\/www.rachieru.ro\/editoriale_recenzii_articole\/%E2%80%9Eradacinile-arheale-si-%E2%80%9Econstiinta-sfasiata<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cu aproape zece ani \u00een urm\u0103 tip\u0103ream la Helicon-ul timi\u015forean o masiv\u0103 antologie dedicat\u0103 Poe\u0163ilor din Bucovina. Era, indiscutabil, o [&#038;hellip<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articole","category-linkuri-externe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5597"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5597\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.marianagurza.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}